Factors Inducing Consumers Behavioral Intentions towards Online Shopping in Developing Countries

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Department of Applied Computing & IT, Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Makerere University Business School, Kampala-Uganda

Abstract

The study focused on ascertaining the correlation between the study variables. That is; to examine the relationship between perceived benefits and behavioral intentions to shop online, to find out the relationship between social factors and behavioral intentions to shop online, to determine the relationship between trust and behavioral intentions to shop online, IT innovation and consumer's behavioral intentions towards online shopping. The study also examined the predictive effect of the independent variables on the consumer's behavioral intentions towards online shopping. A cross-sectional design was employed using purposive and snowball sampling techniques in selecting participants from the four regions that make up Uganda. An online survey was conducted using the questionnaire as the main tool for data collection. The collected data was later analyzed using a copyright-licensed SPSS tool version 22. Correlation, factor analysis and regression analysis were the statistical methods used to achieve the study objectives. The findings of the study indicate that there is a significant positive association between perceived benefits, social factors, trust and IT innovation and consumers' behavioral intentions towards online shopping. The regression results proved that while other factors that are not part of this study account for 51.1%, a combination of study variables contributes a prediction of 48.9% to consumer’s behavioral intentions for online shopping. Therefore, implementing the study findings would help attract additional customers to shop online which will lead to solving community challenges such as delayed deliveries and crowding which will result in the realization of e-commerce growth in Uganda.

Keywords

References

References
Abdelrhim, M., & Elsayed, A. (2020). The Effect of COVID-19 Spread on the e-commerce market: The case of the 5 largest e-commerce companies in the world. Available at SSRN 3621166.
Abdulkadir, O., Naserinia, M. (2020). Investigating Consumer Behavior in Online Shopping Among University Students in Two. Research Journal of Business and Management, 7(1), 23-33.
Ahmed,  S.  Y.,  Ali,  B.  J.,  &  Top,  C.  (2021).  Understanding  the  impact  of  trust,  perceived  risk,  and  perceived  technology  on  the  online  shopping  intentions:  case  study  in  Kurdistan  Region  of  Iraq. Journal  of  Contemporary  Issues  in  Business  and  Government,  27(3),  2136–2153.
Ahumuza,  M.  (2021).  Analysis  of  online  business  in  Uganda:  a  case  study  of  Jumia  Uganda.   Makerere  University.
Akhlaq, A., and Ejaz, A. (2015). “Digital Commerce in Emerging Economies: Factors Associated with Online Shopping Intentions in Pakistan.” International Journal of Emerging Markets.
Akroush, M. N., & Al-Debei, M. M. (2015). An integrated model of factors affecting consumer attitudes towards online shopping. Business Process Management Journal, 21(6), 1353–1376.
Al Amin, M., Arefin, M. S., Hossain, I., Islam, M. R., Sultana, N., & Hossain, M. N. (2021). Evaluating the determinants of customers’ mobile grocery shopping application (MGSA) Adoption during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Global Marketing, 35(3), 1–20.
Al Halbusi H, Al-Sulaiti K, Abbas J and Al-Sulaiti I (2022) Assessing Factors Influencing Technology Adoption for Online Purchasing Amid COVID-19 in Qatar: Moderating Role          of Word of Mouth. Front. Environ. Sci. 10:942527.
Alalwan, A. A., Dwivedi, Y. K., Rana, N. P., and Algharabat, R. (2018). Examining Factors Influencing Jordanian Customers' Intentions and Adoption of Internet Banking: Extending               UTAUT2 with Risk. J. Retail. Consumer Serv. 40, 125–138.
Aldhmour,  F.,  &  Sarayrah,  I.  (2016).  An  investigation  of  factors  influencing  consumers’  intention  to  use  online  shopping:  An  Empirical  study  in  South  Jordan.  The  Journal  of  Internet  Banking  and  Commerce,  21(2),  1–48.
Al-Halili, A., & Hongxin, L. (2019). E-Commerce and internet marketing in Yemen: Opportunities and challenges’. European Journal of Business and Management, 11(21), 27–28.
Al-Hattami, H. M. (2021). Determinants of intention to continue usage of online shopping under a pandemic: COVID-19. Cogent Business & Management, 8(1), 1936368.
Alhazmi,  A.  M.,  Alshammari,  S.  A.,  Alenazi,  H.  A.,  Shaik,  S.  A.,  AlZaid,  H.  M.,  Almahmoud,  N.  S.,  &  Alshammari,  H.  S.  (2019).  Community’s  compliance  with  measures  for  the  prevention  of  respiratory  infections  in  Riyadh,  Saudi  Arabia.  Journal  of  Family  &  Community  Medicine,  26(3),  173.
Alkailani, L., and Abu-Shanab, E. A. (2021). Factors Influencing Online Purchase Intention in           Qatar. Int. J. E-Business Res. (IJEBR) 17 (3), 1–21.
Almaqtari, F. A., Farhan, N. H., Al-Hattami, H. M., & Elsheikh, T. (2023). The moderating role of information technology governance in the relationship between board characteristics and continuity               management during the Covid-19 pandemic in an emerging economy. Humanities and Social   Sciences Communications, 10(96), 1–16.
Alnoor, A., Al-Abrrow, H., Al Halbusi, H., Khaw, K. W., Chew, X., Al-Maatoq, M., et al. (2022).     Uncovering the Antecedents of Trust in Social Commerce: an Application of the Non-              linear Artificial Neural Network Approach. Compet. Rev. 32, 492–523.
Alrowwad,  A.,  Abualoush,  S.  H.,  &  Masa’deh,  R.  (2020).  Innovation  and  intellectual  capital  as  intermediary  variables  among  transformational  leadership,  transactional  leadership,  and  organizational  performance.  Journal  of  Management  Development,  39(2),  196–222.
Alsaad, A., Mohamad, R., and Ismail, N. A. (2017). The Moderating Role of Trust in Business to Business Electronic Commerce (B2B EC) Adoption. Comput. Hum. Behav. 68, 157–169.
Ansari,  S.,  Ansari,  G.,  Ghori,  M.  U.,  &  Kazi,  A.  G.  (2019).  Impact  of  brand  awareness  and  social  media  content  marketing  on  consumer  purchase  decision.  Journal  of  Public  Value  and  Administrative  Insight,  2(2),  5–10.
Anwar,  M.,  Rehman,  A.  U.,  &  Shah,  S.  Z.  A.  (2018).  Networking  and  new  venture’s  performance:  mediating  role  of  competitive  advantage.  International  Journal  of  Emerging  Markets,  13(5),  998–1025.
Arora,  N.,  &  Aggarwal,  A.  (2018).  The  role  of  perceived  benefits  in  formation  of  online  shopping  attitude  among  women  shoppers  in  India.  South  Asian  Journal  of  Business  Studies,  7(1),  91–110.
Ashfaq, M., Yun, J., Yu, S., and Loureiro, S. M. C. (2020). I, Chatbot: Modeling the Determinants of Users' Satisfaction and Continuance Intention of AI-Powered Service Agents.               Telematics Inf. 54, 101473.
Ashraf, N., Faisal, C.M.N., Jabbar, S., Habib, M.A. (2019). The Role of Website Design Artifacts on Consumer Attitude and Behavioral Intentions in Online Shopping. Technical Journal, University            of Engineering and Technology (UET) Taxila, Pakista, 24(2), 50-60.
Ashraf, R., Narongsak T., and Stavroula S, (2016). The Connection and Disconnection between E-Commerce Businesses and Their Customers: Exploring the Role of Engagement, Perceived               Usefulness, and Perceived Ease-of-Use. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 20, 69-86.
Atahu,  G.  O.  (2022).  Determinants  of  online  shopping  among  university  students  in  Uganda:  a   case  study  of  Makerere  University.  Makerere  University.
Athambawa,  A.,  Johar,  M.  G.  M.,  &  Khatibi,  A.  (2023).  Behavioural  intention  to  adopt  cloud   computing:  A  quantitative  analysis  with  a  mediatory  factor  using  bootstrapping.  Indonesian   Journal  of  Electrical  Engineering  and  Computer  Science,  32(1),  458–467.
Austria,  M.,  &  Diaz,  I.  (2019).  Crime  incidents  and  prevention  practices  among  selected  malls  in  Nueva  Ecija.  International  Journal  of  Modern  Trends  in  Social  Sciences,  2(7),  1–12.
Awang,  Z.  (2012).  A  handbook  on  structural  equation  modeling  using  AMOS.  Universiti   Technologi  MARA  Press,  Malaysia,  83–102.
Bangkit, J., Tumbuan, W., and Tielung, M. (2022). Analysis of perceived risk and perceived benefit influencing online shopping behavior in Canada. Manajemen, bisnisdanakuntansi 10, 1. doi: 10.35794/emba.v10i1.38238
Barclay,  D.,  Higgins,  C.,  &  Thompson,  R.  (1995).  The  partial  least  squares  (PLS)  approach  to   casual  modeling:  personal  computer  adoption  ans  use  as  an  Illustration.
Bayer, H, & Aksogan, M. (2020). Micro Field Study Regarding University Students’ Online Shopping.  Journal of Bucak Business Administration Faculty, 3(2), 176-191.
Bhatti, A., & Rehman, S. U. (2019). Perceived benefits and perceived risks effect on online  shopping behavior with the mediating role of consumer purchase intention in Pakistan. International Journal of Management Studies, 26(1), 33–54.
Byrne,  B.  M.  (2016).  Structural  equation  modeling  with  AMOS:  Basic  concepts,  applications,  and  programming.  routledge.
Chang,  M.  K.,  Cheung,  W.,  &  Lai,  V.  S.  (2005).  Literature  derived  reference  models  for  the  adoption  of  online  shopping.  Information  &  Management,  42(4),  543–559.
Chang,  T.-S.  (2021).  Social  distancing  in  retail:  Influence  of  perceived  retail  crowding  and  self-efficacy  on  employees’  perceived  risks.  Journal  of  Retailing  and  Consumer  Services,  62,  102613.
Chen, M., and Wan-Hao Z, (2021). Purchase Intention for Hydrogen Automobile among Chinese Citizens: The Influence of Environmental Concern and Perceived Social Value. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46(34):18000–10.
Constantinides,_ E._ (2004)._ Influencing_ the_ online_ consumer’s_ behavior:_ the_ Web_ experience._ Internet_ Research,_ 14(2),_ 111–126.
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
Davis,  F.  D.  (1989).  Perceived  usefulness,  perceived  ease  of  use,  and  user  acceptance  of  information  technology.  MIS  Quarterly,  319–340.
Davis,  F.  D.,  Bagozzi,  R.  P.,  &  Warshaw,  P.  R.  (1989).  User  acceptance  of  computer  technology:  A  comparison  of  two  theoretical  models.  Management  Science,  35(8),  982–1003.
Edwar, M., Diansari, R.A.A., Winawati, N.F. (2018). The Factors That Affecting the Product Purchasing          Decision Through Online Shopping By Students of Surabaya State University. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 54-64.
Ejdys, J. (2018). Building Technology Trust in ICT Application at a University. Int. J. Emerg. Mark. 13 (5), 980–997.
Eneizan, B. I. L. A. L., Alsaad, A. B. D. A. L. L. A. H., Abdelbaset Alkhawaldeh, H. N., & Rawash, O. E. (2020). E-wom, trust, usefulness, ease of use, and online shopping via websites: the moderating          role of online shopping experience. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 98(13), 2554-2565.
Field, A. (2009) Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. 3rd Edition, Sage Publications Ltd., London.
Giao, H., Vuong, and Quan, T (2020). The Influence of Website Quality on Consumer’s e-Loyalty through the Mediating Role of e-Trust and e-Satisfaction: An Evidence from Online Shopping in Vietnam. Uncertain Supply Chain Management 8(2):351–70.
Gliem,  J.  A.,  &  Gliem,  R.  R.  (2003).  Calculating,  interpreting,  and  reporting  Cronbach’s  alpha   reliability  coefficient  for  Likert-type  scales.
Guo,  L.  (2011).  Hierarchy  model  of  influencing  factors  of  online  shopping.  2011  IEEE International  Symposium  on  IT  in  Medicine  and  Education,  1,  527–530.
Hair,  J.  F.  (2011).  Multivariate  data  analysis:  An  overview.  International  Encyclopedia  of  Statistical  Science,  904–907.
Halbusi, H. A., Hassani, A., and Mosconi, E. (2021). "Social Media Technologies' Use for Competitive Information and Informational Trust and their Effects on Innovation in        Industrial SMES," in Paper presented at the 2021 IEEE International Conference on Technology Management, Operations and Decisions (ICTMOD).
Hammood, W. A., Asmara, S. M., Arshah, R. A., Hammood, O. A., Halbusi, H. A., Al-Sharafi,        M. A., et al. (2020). Factors Influencing the Success of Information Systems in Flood Early               Warning and Response Systems Context. Telkomnika, 18 (6), 2956–2961.
Hu,  L.,  &  Bentler,  P.  M.  (1999).  Cutoff  criteria  for  fit  indexes  in  covariance  structure  analysis:  Conventional  criteria  versus  new  alternatives.  Structural  Equation  Modeling:  A  Multidisciplinary  Journal,  6(1),  1–55.
Ijaz,  M.  F.,  &  Rhee,  J.  (2018).  Constituents  and  consequences  of  online-shopping  in  sustainable  e-business:  An  experimental  study  of  online-shopping  malls.  Sustainability  (Switzerland), 10(10), 3756.  https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103756
Jannat, N.S., Najeeb Abbas Al Sammarraie, N.A. and Mubuke, F (2023). Exploring the        Mediating Effect of Consumers' Behavioral Intention to Shop Online in The Relationship               between Facilitating Conditions and Online Shopping in Developing Nations: Empirical       Evidence from Uganda’s E-Commerce Sector. Malaysian E Commerce Journal, 1(2): 71- 77.
Jones,  T.,  &  Storer,  E.  (2022).  Key  Considerations:  Adherence  to  COVID-19  Preventive  Measures  in  Greater  Kampala,  Uganda.
Kagoya,_ S._ M.,_ &_ Mkwizu,_ K._ H._ (2022)._ Determinants_ of_ Youths’_ Intention_ to_ Shop_ Online:_  Study_ of_ Uganda_ and_ Rwanda._ University_ of_ Dar_ Es_ Salaam_ Library_ Journal,_ 17(2),_ 131–147.
Kashaija,  A.  (2019).  Analysing  the  Effects  of  Consumer  Perception,  Awareness  and  Trust  on   Willingness  to  Adopt  Online  Shopping:  A  Case  Study  of  Kampala  Central,  Uganda.   Makerere  University.
Khan,  H.,  Sadat,  S.  M.,  &  Kamboj,  H.  (2020).  Factors  affecting  Customers’  Satisfaction  of  Online  Shopping Evidence  from  Kabul,  Afghanistan.  IOSR  Journal  of  Business  and  Management,  22(5),  11–17.
Kim,  Y.K.,  Kim,  E.  Y.,  &  Kumar,  S.  (2003).  Testing  the  behavioral  intentions  model  of  online   shopping  for  clothing.  Clothing  and  Textiles  Research  Journal,  21(1),  32–40.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302X0302100104
Kimuli, S.N.L., Sendawula, K. and Nagujja, S. (2022), “Sustainable entrepreneurship practices in women-owned micro-enterprises using evidence from Owino market, Kampala, Uganda”, African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 508-523, doi: 10.1108/ajems-05-2021-0223
Kline,  R.  B.  (2023).  Principles  and  practice  of  structural  equation  modeling.Guilford  publications
Krejcie,  R.  V,  &  Morgan,  D.  W.  (1970).  Determining  sample  size  for  research  activities.   Educational  and  Psychological  Measurement,  30(3),  607–610.
Litwin,  M.  S.,  &  Fink,  A.  (1995).  How  to  measure  survey  reliability  and  validity  (Vol.  7).  Sage.
Manu, C. D., and Fuad, F. (2022). Relationships between website quality and trust dimensions in        online shopping: an empirical study in Indonesia. Int. J. Bus. Inform. Syst. 39, 400–423.
Masri,  N.  W.,  You,  J.J.,  Ruangkanjanases,  A.,  &  Chen,  S.C.  (2021).  The  effects  of  customer  learning  and  shopping  value  on  intention  purchase  and  reuse  in  a  digital  market:  The  institutional  trust–commitment  perspective.  Sustainability  (Switzerland),  13(8).  https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084318
Mubuke, F., Ogenmungu, C., Mayoka, K.G., Kutosi, A.M. (2017). The predictability of perceived        enjoyment and its effect on the intention to use mobile learning systems. Asian Journal of               Computer Science and Information Technology,7(1):1-7
Nansereko,  F.  (2019).  Causes  and  Consequences  of  Traffic  Flow  in  Kampala  Capital  City.  (Doctoral  dissertation,  Uganda  Management  Institute).
Nkrumah,  A.  K.  F.,  Ping,  L.,  Gyamfi,  S.  A.,  &  Hossin,  M.  A.  (2018).  Online  shopping          in  sub-Saharan  Africa:  Evidence  from  Ghana.  ACM  International  Conference                Proceeding  Series,  August,  58–66.  https://doi.org/10.1145/3277139.3277151
Nunnally, J.C. and Bernstein, I.H. (1994) The Assessment of Reliability. Psychometric Theory, 3, 248-292.
Nuryanto, S., Sugandini, D., Winarno. (2020). Trust, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use and Attitudes on Online Shopping. Proceeding on Economic and Business Series (EBS), 1(1), 97-103.
Nuseir,  M.  T.  (2020).  Is  advertising  on  social  media  effective?  An  empirical  study  on  the  growth  of  advertisements  on  the  big  four  (Facebook,  Twitter,  Instagram,  WhatsApp).  International   Journal  of  Procurement  Management,  13(1),  134–142.
Ofori, D., & Nimo, C. (2019). Determinants of online shopping among tertiary students in Ghana: An extended technology acceptance model. Cogent Business & Management, 1-20
Pandey,  A.,  &  Parmar,  J.  (2019).  Factors  affecting  consumer’s  online  shopping  buying  behavior.  Proceedings  of  10th  International  Conference  on  Digital  Strategies  for  Organizational   Success.
Pankratz,  M.,  Hallfors,  D.,  &  Cho,  H.  (2002).  Measuring  perceptions  of  innovation  adoption:  the   diffusion  of  a  federal  drug  prevention  policy.  Health  Education  Research,  17(3),  315–326.
Pollak, F., Markovic, P., Vachal, J., and Vavrek, R. (2022). “Analysis of e-consumer behavior   during the COVID-19 pandemic,” in Intelligent Processing Practices and Tools for E-              Commerce Data, Information, and Knowledge. EAI/Springer Innovations in           Communication and Computing, eds
Poorangi,  M.  M.,  Khin,  E.  W.  S.,  Nikoonejad,  S.,  &  Kardevani,  A.  (2013).  E-commerce  adoption  in  Malaysian  Small  and  Medium  Enterprises  Practitioner  Firms:  A   revisit  on  Rogers’  model.  Anais  Da  Academia  Brasileira  de  Ciências,  85,  1593–1604.
Qalati,  S.  A.,  Vela,  E.  G.,  Li,  W.,  Dakhan,  S.  A.,  Hong  Thuy,  T.  T.,  &  Merani,  S.  H.  (2021).  Effects  of  perceived  service  quality,  website  quality,  and  reputation  on  purchase  intention:  The  mediating  and  moderating  roles  of  trust  and  perceived  risk  in  online  shopping.  Cogent  Business  &  Management,  8(1),  1869363.
Rao,  G.  S.,  &  Mnyanga,  E.  A.  (2022).  f  Dodoma,  Tanzania.  International  Journal  of  Mathematics   in  Operational  Research,  22(1),  127–1.  International  Journal  of  Mathematics  in  Operational  ResearchQueuing  Systems  in  the   Cafeterias  at  the  University  of  Dodoma,  TanzaniaRao,  G.  S.,  &  Mnyanga,  E.  A.  (2022).  Queuing  Systems  in  the  Cafeterias  at  the  University  O,  22(1),  127–141.
Rashid, R. M., Pitafi, A. H., Qureshi, M. A., and Sharma, A. (2022). Role of social commerce     constructs and social presence as moderator on consumers' buying intentions during COVID-19. Front. Psychol. 13, 772028. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.772028
Resnik, D. B. (2015). What is ethics in research & why is it important? National institute of environmental sciences. Retrieved April 27, 2024, from: http://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis/
Rogers,  E.  M.  (2003).  Diffusion  of  Innovations  fifth  Ed  Free  Press.  New  York.  Rezvani,  Z.,  Jansson,  J.  &  Bodin.
Samutereko,  E.  Z.  (2021).  A  critical  Analysis  of  social  distancing  as  a  policy  to  combat  the  Spread  of  Corona  Virus  in  Zimbabwe.  Technium  Soc.  Sci.  J.,  20,  782.
Schumacker,  E.,  &  Lomax,  G.  (2016).  A  Beginner’s  Guide  to  Structural  Equation  Modelling.  4th   edtn.  London:  Routledge  New  York,  NY.
Shanthi,  R.  (2019).  Multivariate  data  analysis:  using  SPSS  and  AMOS.  MJP  Publisher.
Skard, S., and Nysveen, H. (2016). Trusting Beliefs and Loyalty in B-To-B Self-Services. J. Business-to-Business Mark. 23 (4), 257–276. doi:10.1080/1051712x.2016.1250591
The Global Findex Database 2021: Financial Inclusion, Digital Payments, and Resilience in the      Age of COVID-19. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1
Triandewo,  M.  A.,  &  Sagy,  K.  (2021).  The  Impact  Of  Perceived  Benefits,  Perceived  Web  Quality  and  Trust  on  Attitude  Towards  Online  Shopping  on  Female  Consumer  Who  Use  Shopee  Application  In  Jakarta.  International  Journal  of  Business,  Economics  and  Law,  24(3),  33–43.
UNCTAD._ (2019)._ UNCTAD_ B2C_ E-commerce_ index_ 2019_ focus_ on_ Africa:_ UNCTAD_ technical_ notes_ on_ ICT_ for_ development._  Unctad,_ 1–23._ https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/tn_ unctad_ ict4d12_ en.pdf
United_ Nations_ Conference_ on_ Trade_ and_ Development_ (UNCTAD)._ (2020)._ THE_ UNCTAD_ B2C_ E-Commerce_ Index_ 2020_ Spotlight_ on_ Latin_ America_ and_ the_ Caribbean._ UNCTAD _ Technical_ Notes_ on_ ICT_ for_ Development.
United_ Nations_ Conference_ on_ Trade_ and_ Development_ (UNCTAD)._ (2021)._ Covid-19_ and_ E-comerce_ -_ A_ Global_ Reviw._ https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/dtlstict2020d13_ en.pdf
Uzir, M. U. H., Al Halbusi, H., Thurasamy, R., Thiam Hock, R. L., Aljaberi, M. A., Hasan, N., et          al. (2021). The Effects of Service Quality, Perceived Value and Trust in Home Delivery               Service Personnel on Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from a Developing Country. J. Retail. Consumer Serv. 63, 102721.
Vahdat,  A.,  Alizadeh,  A.,  Quach,  S.,  &  Hamelin,  N.  (2021).  Would  you  like  to  shop  via  mobile   app  technology?  The  technology  acceptance  model,  social  factors  and  purchase  intention.   Australasian  Marketing  Journal,  29(2),  187–197.
Vannucci,  V.,  &  Pantano,  E.  (2020).  Digital  or  human  touchpoints?  Insights  from  consumer-facing  in-store  services.  Information  Technology  &  People,  33(1),  296–310.
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., Thong, J., and Xu, X. (2016). Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology: A Synthesis and the Road Ahead. Jais, 17 (5), 328–376. doi:10.17705/1jais.00428
Walton, D. (2016). The slippery slope argument in the ethical debate on genetic engineering of     humans. Science and Engineering Ethics, 23(6), 1507–1528.
Wanzu,  I.,  Turyakira,  P.,  &  Katumba,  P.  M.  (2019).  E-commerce  adoption  and  growth  of  SMEs  in  Uganda.  International  Journal  of  Business  and  Management,  14(1),  46–54.
Waqas, M., Rafiq, S. and Wu, J. (2023), "Online shopping: a systematic review of customers’ perceived benefits and challenges during COVID-19 pandemic", Global Knowledge,     Memory and Communication, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-              print. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-04-2023-0129
Were,  A.  G.,  Mukiibi,  S.,  Nawangwe,  B.,  Mukwaya,  P.  I.,  Nakangu,  B.,  Nambatya,  J.,  &  Kisitu,  D.  (2022).  A  spontaneous  location  theory  and  how  street  vendors  acquire  spaces  (Case  Study:  Kampala  City–Uganda).  International  Journal  of  Architecture  and  Urban  Development,  12(3),  5–14.
West,  S.  G.,  Taylor,  A.  B.,  &  Wu,  W.  (2012).  Model  fit  and  model  selection  in  structural  equation  modeling.  Handbook  of  Structural  Equation  Modeling,  1,  209–231.
Widyastuti W., Hartini S., Artanti Y. (2020). Revisiting the online shopper's behavior in Indonesia: the role of trust and perceived benefit. Int. J. Industr. Eng. Manage. 11, 226–236. 10.24867/IJIEM-2020-4-267
World Bank. 2020. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Wu, L., Chiu, M. L., and Chen, K. W. (2020). Defining the Determinants of Online Impulse Buying through a Shopping Process of Integrating Perceived Risk, Expectation-              Confirmation Model, and Flow Theory Issues. Int. J. Inf. Manag. 52, 102099.
Xu,  Y.,  Chong,  T.  W.,  Krilavičius,  T.,  &  Man,  K.  L.  (2015).  Perceived  benefits,  risks  and  trust  on  Online  Shopping  Festival.  International  Conference  on  Information  and  Software   Technologies,  538,  225–235.
Yew J. L. K., Kamarulzaman Y. (2020). Effects of personal factors, perceived benefits and shopping orientation on online shopping behavior in Malaysia. Int. J. Econ. Manage. Account. 28, 327–360. 
Young,  G.  (2021).  Development,  division  and  discontent  in  informal  markets:  insights  from  Kampala.  Review  of  African  Political  Economy,  48(168),  196–216.
Zhou,  L.,  Dai,  L.,  &  Zhang,  D.  (2007).  Online  shopping  acceptance  model-A  critical  survey  of  consumer  factors  in  online  shopping.  Journal  of  Electronic  Commerce   Research,  8(1),  41.
Zhou, Y., Draghici, A., Abbas, J., Mubeen, R., Boatca, M. E., and Salam, M. A. (2021). Social            Media Efficacy in Crisis Management: Effectiveness of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions to Manage COVID-19 Challenges. Front. Psychiatry, 24 (3), 626134.
Management Science and Information Technology

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 02 November 2024

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics